Ni ibihe bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutunganya amavuta ya peteroli FCC Catalysts?
FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) catalysts ni umugwi w’ibikoresho bikora vyinshi bikoreshwa mu gutunganya amavuta ya peteroli kugira ngo bihindure neza ivyuma bikomeye vy’amazi bibe ibintu vy’agaciro kanini-vyongeweko nk’amavuta ya peteroli, gaze y’amavuta y’ibitoro, n’amavuta y’ibitoro. Mu bisanzwe bigizwe n’ibihimba bikora, ibikoresho vy’umubiri, ibifatanya n’ibindi, n’ivyo kwuzuza.
Ubwoko n'imikorere y'ibikoresho vy'amamolekule ku bikoresho vya FCC
Ivyo bikoresho vya FCC birafise aside nyinshi, ubushuhe bwiza bw’amazi, n’ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya-ugusenyuka, bikaba bituma bishobora gutuma habaho inyishu nk’ugusaduka, isomerization, n’uguhindura hydrogène kw’amazi y’amamolecule manini mu bihe vy’ubushuhe bwinshi-. Ikindi kandi, mu guhindura ubwoko bw’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivy’ubutaka budasanzwe, aside, n’imiterere y’ibihengeri, umwimbu n’uguhitamwo ibintu vy’intumbero nk’amavuta ya peteroli, propylène, na LPG birashobora gutuma bigenda neza.
Ku bw’ivyo, ivyuma bitandukanye vy’amamolekule mu bikoresho vy’ugutuma FCC bikora ahanini biragira uruhara rwo gutuma ibintu bigenda neza. Y-type molecule sieves n’imiterere yavyo yahinduwe ni vyo bihimba nyamukuru bikora vy’ibikoresho vya FCC. Igikoresho co gusesa amamolekule ya Beta gishobora gukoreshwa mu gutuma habaho ugusaduka, uguhinduka kw’ibinyabuzima, n’uguhitamwo ibintu vy’ibinyabuzima vyihariye. Nk’ikintu co kwongerako gikora, ZSM-5 irashobora kwongereza umwimbu w’ama olefine yoroshe. Kandi ZSM-11 molecule sieve ikoreshwa mu guhitamwo imiterere y’ibinyabuzima bita hydrocarbures no mu gutunganya ama olefines yoroshe.
USY Molecule Sieve: Igikoresho gihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose
Y-ubwoko bw'igisenyo c'amamolekuleni igice c'ishimikiro co gucapura-gikora ca FCC, naY idahinduka cane (USY)ni ubwoko bwa zeolite busaduka cane. Igitigiri -silika Y cankeY (UMUNSI)ni ibikoresho vyompi vy’amamolekule vya USY. USY ishobora gutahurwa nk’ubwoko bwa Y-zeolite yaciye mu bikorwa vyo gutuma igumaho nk’ugukuraho ivyuma n’ugutera amazi.
Uko ibikoresho vya FCC bisubiramwo inzinguzingu z’ugusubirana n’ugusubirana, bitegerezwa kwihanganira ubushuhe bwinshi n’ibidukikije vyuzuye umwotsi-. Ku bw’ivyo, USY yerekana ubushobozi bwo gukomera cane mu bushuhe bw’amazi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhangana n’umuriro, ubushobozi bwo gukomera cane mu bijanye n’imiterere, n’ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gucapura ibintu bininibinini.
REY/RE-USY Igisesa c'amamolekule: Igikoresho co gupima, Coke n'ugushikama
Rare-isi yahinduwe Y zeolites afise agaciro kanini mu nganda mu bikoresho vya FCC. Ibintu vy’isi bidasanzwe-birimwo ni La, Ce, na Nd. Ivyiyumviro bishobora gutuma ubushuhe bugumaho, ubushuhe bw’amazi, aside, igikorwa, n’uguhitamwo coke vy’ubwoko bwa Y-zeolite molecules sieves.
Ni co gituma rero, .REY (Isi Y)kandiRE-USY (Isi Idasanzwe -Idahinduka Y)molecule sieves zikoreshwa cane cane muri peteroli FCC, kugira ngo zitere imbere igikorwa n’ugushikama, no kugira ngo haboneke uburinganire hagati y’ibikorwa vy’ugutuma ibintu bigenda neza, umusaruro wa coke, n’uguhitamwo peteroli/dizeli.
Beta Molecule Sieve: Itera imbere mu guhindura ivyuma vy'amazi vyihariye
Beta si yo nzira nyamukuru y’ugusesa amamolekule mu bikoresho vya kera vya FCC, bitandukanye na USY. Ariko ahubwo, biraranga cane imiterere yihariye canke ibikorwa vy’ugusesagura amamolekule ya zeolite yahinduwe.
Igisenyo c'amamolekule ya Betaifise topologie ya BEA kandi ifise uburyo butatu-bunini-bw'ibihengeri. Asidi yayo ikomeye n’imirongo minini y’ibihengeri bituma ikoreshwa mu bikorwa vya FCC mu gucapura ivyuma vy’amazi, isomerization, n’ibindi bifitaniye isano n’ugusenyuka kw’amazi-, hamwe no gutuma habaho uguhitamwo kw’amazi yo hagati no guteza imbere uguhindura ivyuma vy’amazi vyihariye.
ZSM-5 Isesa ry'amamolekule: Ritera imbere mu guhingura ama Olefine yoroshe
Uruhara rwaZSM-5 igisenyi c'amamolekulemu migenderanire ya FCC ni ikintu gitandukanye, gikora nk’inyongera y’ivyuma vya FCC. Naho zeolite y’ubwoko bwa Y- ari yo ahanini ishinzwe gucapura amavuta manini manini aremereye-, ZSM-5 yibanda ku guhindura cane amavuta y’amazi y’urugero rwa peteroli kandi igatuma habaho amavuta yoroshe.
ZSM-5 zeolite igaragaza inzego za MFI zifise imiterere y’ibihengeri bitobito kandi yerekana ibiranga ubuhinga bwo guhitamwo imiterere. Gushiramwo ZSM-5 mu mirongo ya FCC mu bisanzwe birongereza umwimbu wa propylene, éthylène, LPG, n’ama olefine yoroshe, bikagabanya amavuta ya peteroli canke bikahindura igitigiri c’amavuta ya peteroli. Kandi ihuriro ry’ibikoresho vya USY na ZSM-5 ni ubuhinga busanzwe cane bwa FCC.
ZSM-11 Isesa ry'amamolekule: Ritunganya canke rihisemwo gusaduka
ZSM-11 igisenyi c'amamolekuleni iya topologie ya MEL, imiterere isa cane n'imiterere ya MFI ya ZSM-5. Ivyo ikora mu bikorwa vya FCC nk’ugucapura bishingiye ku mibumbe n’ugutunganya olefine, na vyo nyene birahuye n’ivyo ZSM-5 molecule sieve.
Mu bikorwa vy’inganda vya FCC, ZSM-11 molecule sieve ishobora gukoreshwa mu gucapura ivyuma vy’amazi, mu gutuma amazi agira akamoto keza, no mu gutuma amazi agira isomerization, canke igakoreshwa nk’ikintu co kwongerako ivyuma vy’amazi. Ariko rero, ku bijanye n’ugukoresha FCC ku rugero rw’inganda, ZSM-11 molecule sieve ni nto cane kuruta ZSM-5.
Sinmat imitiry’abahinga mu gutanga ibikoresho vy’amamolekule vy’amabuye y’agaciro vy’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none, harimwo ibikoresho vy’amamolekule vy’ubwoko bwa Y- (NaY, HY, USY, REY, RE-USY, DAY), ibikoresho vy’amamolekule vy’ubwoko bwa Beta, ibikoresho vy’amamolekule vya ZSM-5, n’ibikoresho vy’amamolekule vya ZSM-11. Ku bindi bisobanuro, raba kuri paji z’amakuru y’ibicuruzwa.
