Zeolite molecular sieves zifise uruhara runini mu gutunganya gaze kavukire mu gukora ibikorwa nyamukuru vyo gusukura (nk’ugukura amazi mu mubiri, gukuraho ikibiriti, no gukuraho carbone n’ibindi) biciye mu guhitamwo gufata gaze kavukire, rero bituma gaze kavukire iba nziza kandi igatuma umuntu ashobora gutwara neza.
Kubura amazi mu gazi kamere
Gazi kavukire ivugwa n’umwotsi w’amazi, mbere itwara n’amazi amwe amwe ari mu mazi. Kuba amazi ari muri gaze kavukire ni ikintu kibi cane, ivyo bikaba bituma gutakaza amazi muri gaze kavukire biba ngombwa. Nk'akarorero:
Amazi na metane bikora amazi akomeye nk’urubura-mu gihe c’ubushuhe buke no mu gihe c’umuvuduko munini (nk’igihe mu gutwara ibintu mu matiyo canke mu bikorwa vyo guhindura amazi), bishobora gufunga amavalve, imiyoboro, n’ibikoresho, bikaba bituma gutwara ibintu bihagarara.
Amazi akorana n’ivyuma bita hydrogène sulfure canke carbone dioxide biri muri gaze kavukire kugira ngo bivemwo ibintu bifise aside (aside sulfurique, aside carbonique), ivyo bikaba vyihuta gusenyuka kw’imiyoboro y’ivyuma n’ibikoresho kandi bikagabanya igihe bimara.
Igihe gazi kavukire ikeneye gukonja cane, nk’uko gazi kavukire ihindutse amazi (LNG) ikeneye gukonjeshwa gushika ku -162 degrees , ubukonje busigaye buzokonja maze bwononekare ibikoresho nyamukuru nk’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba.
Ivyuma vy’amazi bifise ubunini bumwe, bikunda gufata amazi. Ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi burarengeye 22% vy’uburemere bwavyo bwite, ivyo bishobora kugabanya ikime ca gaze kavukire kikaja munsi ya -70 degrees bigatuma umuntu agira amazi make cane.
Gaz kamere iryoshe
Gutuma gazi kavukire iryoha ni inzira yo gukuraho ikibiriti no gukuraho carbone. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bita hydrogène sulfure na carbone biri muri gaze kavukire birashobora gutuma habaho aside (n’amazi), kandi bikazana uburozi mu miyoboro n’ibikoresho. Hydrogène sulfure na yo nyene ni gaze y’ubumara igira ingaruka ku buzima n’umutekano.
Igikoresho co gusesa amamolekule gifise intumbero yo gukuraho ivyuma vy’amazi n’ivyuma vy’amazi bishika ku rugero rwa PPM canke mbere PPB. Ivyo bifasha kugabanya uburozi, kwongera agaciro k’ivyo bikoresho, no gushitsa ingingo mfatirwako z’ubudandaji za gaze kavukire mu bijanye n’uburyo n’ugutwara.
Uretse ikibiriti kitagira ubuzima, ibikoresho vy’ugusesa amamolekule birashobora kandi gufata ikibiriti c’ibinyabuzima nk’ikibiriti citwa methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, methyl mercaptan, na thiophene, vyose bikaba biterwa n’uburebure bwavyo buhambaye bwihariye n’ubunini bw’ibihengeri.
Ivyuma vy'amamolekule vy'i Zeolite vyo gutunganya gazi kavukire
Ubwoko bwa 3A bwa zeolite molecule sieve: Ubunini bw’ibihengeri vyaco ni 3Å, kandi bukoreshwa canecane mu gufata amamoleke y’amazi afise umurongo w’amazi ungana n’ibice 2,8Å. Ishobora gukuraho neza ubukonje muri gazi kavukire mu gihe irinda gufata ivyuma vy’amazi, ivyo bikaba bituma ibereye gukuraho amazi muri gazi kavukire.
Ubwoko bwa 4A zeolite molecule seve: Ingano y’ibihengeri vyayo ni 4Å, kandi ishobora guhitamwo gufata amamolekule y’amazi (uburebure bwayo 2.8Å). Igumya ubushobozi bwo gufata ibintu vyinshi mu bushuhe bwinshi kandi irabereye mu kwumisha cane gaze kavukire. Ariko rero, birakenewe kumenya ko yoshobora gufata ivyuma bimwebimwe vy’amazi bitari vyinshi.
Ubwoko bwa 5A zeolite molecular sieve: Ubunini bw’ibihengeri vyayo ni 5Å, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya gazi kavukire kugira ngo ifate amazi, ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba, ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba, ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba, ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba, n’ibindi.
Ubwoko bwa 13X zeolite molecular sieve: Ubunini bw’ibihengeri vyayo ni 10Å, kandi ifise ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gufata umwuka w’ikibiriti, ishobora gufata neza ivyuma vy’ikibiriti nk’ivyuma vy’ikibiriti n’ivyuma vy’ikibiriti bita mercaptans, igakuraho ubuhumane nk’ivyuma vy’ikibiriti bikomeye n’ivyuma vy’ikibiriti bifise akamoto ka LNG.